Become A Clown: A Step-by-Step Guide To Clowning

Have you ever been to a circus or a kid's birthday party and felt that spark of joy and the urge to make people laugh? The idea of becoming a clown is definitely appealing! Clowns are masters of mirth, bringing laughter and smiles wherever they go. They often put on hilarious and captivating performances, and let's face it, their outrageous costumes and makeup are instantly recognizable. But how exactly does one transform into a professional clown? This guide will walk you through the steps, skills, and dedication it takes to pursue this unique and rewarding career path.

1. Embracing the Art of Clowning

Becoming a clown is more than just putting on a red nose and silly shoes. It's about embodying a character, mastering physical comedy, and connecting with an audience on a genuine level. The journey starts with understanding the essence of clowning and the diverse range of styles within the art form.

Understanding the Different Styles of Clowning

Clowning is not a monolithic art form; it's a spectrum of styles and approaches, each with its own unique characteristics. Understanding these different styles is crucial in helping you find your niche and develop your own clown persona. Here are a few prominent styles:

• Whiteface Clown: The classic image of the clown, with a white painted face, exaggerated features, and often elaborate costumes. Whiteface clowns are typically elegant, sophisticated, and perform in a refined manner. They are often the ringmasters or leaders of a clown troupe, embodying a sense of authority and grace. Their performances often involve intricate juggling, magic tricks, and sophisticated physical comedy routines. The whiteface clown represents the traditional, almost ethereal, archetype of the clown.
• Auguste Clown: The Auguste is the mischievous and playful counterpart to the Whiteface. They often have flesh-toned makeup with exaggerated features like a large nose and mouth. Auguste clowns are known for their clumsy antics, slapstick humor, and their tendency to get into trouble. Their costumes are often ill-fitting and colorful, adding to their chaotic and unpredictable nature. The Auguste clown is the quintessential comedic foil, always the one making mistakes and creating hilarious situations.
• Character Clown: Character clowns portray specific characters, such as hobos, tramps, or even doctors and chefs. Their makeup and costumes are tailored to their character, and their performances often involve storytelling and character-driven comedy. Unlike the more abstract Whiteface and Auguste clowns, the Character clown is grounded in a specific persona, allowing for a wider range of comedic and emotional expression. They might use their character to comment on social issues, tell heartfelt stories, or simply engage in humorous interactions with the audience.
• Contemporary Clown: Modern clowns often blend traditional clowning elements with contemporary performance styles. They might incorporate mime, improvisation, and even elements of theatre and dance into their acts. Contemporary clowns often break away from the traditional makeup and costume conventions, exploring new ways to express their clown persona. This style allows for a great deal of experimentation and innovation, pushing the boundaries of what clowning can be.

Delving into the History of Clowning

The art of clowning has a rich and fascinating history, stretching back centuries and across cultures. From the jesters of medieval courts to the Commedia dell'Arte performers of Italy, clowns have always held a special place in society as entertainers and social commentators. Understanding this history can provide valuable context and inspiration for aspiring clowns.

Clowning traditions can be traced back to ancient civilizations, with evidence of clown-like figures in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. These early clowns often served as court jesters or performers in religious ceremonies, using humor and satire to entertain and challenge authority. In the Middle Ages, jesters were a common sight in European courts, providing comic relief and often acting as advisors to the ruling class. The Commedia dell'Arte, a form of Italian improvisational theatre that emerged in the 16th century, featured stock characters like Harlequin and Pierrot, who are considered ancestors of the modern clown. These characters were known for their physical comedy, witty dialogue, and their ability to connect with audiences on a personal level.

The modern circus clown emerged in the 19th century, with figures like Joseph Grimaldi becoming household names. Grimaldi, often considered the father of modern clowning, developed the iconic Whiteface clown character and popularized many of the comedic routines and gags that are still used today. The 20th century saw the rise of legendary clowns like Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton, and Emmett Kelly, who brought their unique styles of physical comedy and pathos to the silver screen. These clowns expanded the art form, demonstrating the potential for clowns to evoke not just laughter, but also empathy and emotion.

Identifying Your Clown Persona

One of the most exciting aspects of becoming a clown is developing your unique clown persona. This involves exploring different characters, costumes, and makeup styles to find what resonates with you. Your clown persona is your alter ego, the character you embody when you step into the clown's shoes. It's a reflection of your personality, your comedic sensibilities, and your artistic vision. Experiment with different approaches, try on different hats (literally and figuratively), and let your creativity guide you.

Consider your strengths and interests. Are you naturally clumsy and prone to mishaps? Perhaps the Auguste clown is a good fit for you. Do you enjoy storytelling and creating characters with depth and complexity? Then a Character clown might be your calling. Are you drawn to elegance and sophistication? The Whiteface clown could be your ideal persona. Don't be afraid to mix and match elements from different styles to create something entirely your own. Your clown persona should be authentic and genuine, a true expression of your comedic spirit.

2. Mastering Essential Clown Skills

Becoming a clown requires a diverse skillset, blending physical prowess with comedic timing and audience engagement. It's not just about telling jokes; it's about creating a memorable and entertaining experience for your audience. Developing these skills takes time, practice, and dedication, but the rewards are well worth the effort. Let's explore some of the key skills you'll need to master:

Physical Comedy Techniques

Physical comedy is the cornerstone of clowning. It's the art of using your body to create laughter, through slapstick, pratfalls, mime, and other forms of non-verbal communication. Mastering physical comedy requires a strong understanding of body language, timing, and the ability to connect with your audience on a visual level. Here are some fundamental techniques to explore:

• Slapstick: This involves exaggerated physical actions, such as falls, trips, and collisions, often involving props like pies or inflatable hammers. Slapstick relies on precise timing and exaggerated movements to create a comedic effect. It's important to practice these routines safely and with control, to avoid injury and ensure the humor lands effectively.
• Pratfalls: A pratfall is a comedic fall, often executed in a way that looks clumsy or awkward. Mastering the pratfall involves learning how to fall safely and convincingly, using your body to cushion the impact and create a humorous effect. There are different types of pratfalls, from simple slips and trips to more elaborate falls that involve props or other performers.
• Mime: Mime is the art of acting without words, using gestures, facial expressions, and body language to communicate ideas and emotions. Mime is an essential skill for clowns, as it allows them to create visual stories and interact with the audience without relying on dialogue. Practicing mime can also improve your overall physical awareness and control.
• Exaggerated Expressions and Gestures: Clowns use exaggerated facial expressions and gestures to amplify their emotions and communicate with the audience. This involves using your entire body to express yourself, from your eyes and eyebrows to your hands and feet. Experiment with different expressions and gestures to find what works best for your clown persona.

Makeup and Costume Design

The makeup and costume are integral parts of a clown's persona. They help to create the character and communicate the clown's personality to the audience. Learning how to apply clown makeup effectively and design a memorable costume is a crucial aspect of becoming a clown.

Clown makeup typically involves bold colors, exaggerated features, and a distinct style that is unique to each clown. The Whiteface clown uses a base of white makeup, with black and red accents around the eyes, mouth, and eyebrows. Auguste clowns often use flesh-toned makeup with exaggerated features like a large nose and mouth. Character clowns tailor their makeup to their specific character, using colors and techniques that enhance their persona. When applying clown makeup, it's important to use high-quality products that are safe for your skin and will last throughout your performance. Practice different techniques and styles to find what works best for your character and your face.

Clown costumes are just as important as the makeup. They should be colorful, comfortable, and reflect the clown's personality. Costumes can range from traditional clown suits with baggy pants and oversized shoes to more elaborate and character-specific outfits. Consider the character you are portraying and the message you want to convey with your costume. Pay attention to details like fabrics, patterns, and accessories, as these can all contribute to the overall impact of your clown persona. Whether you choose to buy a ready-made costume or create your own, make sure it fits well and allows you to move freely during your performance.

Juggling, Balancing, and Other Circus Skills

Many clowns incorporate circus skills into their acts, such as juggling, balancing, and stilt-walking. These skills add an element of spectacle and excitement to your performances and demonstrate your physical dexterity. Learning these skills takes time and dedication, but they can greatly enhance your clown repertoire.

Juggling is a classic circus skill that is both visually impressive and challenging to master. Start with basic juggling patterns, such as the three-ball cascade, and gradually work your way up to more complex patterns and props. Balancing can involve anything from balancing a feather on your nose to walking on a tightrope. These skills require focus, coordination, and a good sense of balance. Stilt-walking is another popular circus skill that adds height and visual interest to your performances. It requires strength, balance, and a good understanding of body mechanics. There are many resources available to help you learn these skills, including books, videos, and workshops. Practice regularly and be patient with yourself, as it takes time to develop proficiency.

Improvisation and Audience Interaction

Improvisation is the ability to create spontaneous comedy in the moment, reacting to the audience and the situation. It's a crucial skill for clowns, as it allows them to adapt to unexpected events and connect with their audience on a personal level. Developing your improvisation skills will make you a more versatile and engaging performer.

Improvisation involves listening carefully, thinking on your feet, and being willing to take risks. It's about embracing the unexpected and turning it into a comedic opportunity. There are many exercises and games you can play to improve your improvisation skills, such as "yes, and…" and character-based scenes. Audience interaction is another key aspect of clowning. Clowns often involve the audience in their performances, bringing them onstage, asking questions, or simply making eye contact and connecting with them on a personal level. This creates a sense of intimacy and makes the performance more engaging and memorable. When interacting with the audience, it's important to be respectful, attentive, and responsive to their reactions. A successful clown can read the room and adjust their performance accordingly, ensuring that everyone has a good time.

3. Getting the Right Training and Experience

Becoming a successful clown often involves seeking formal training and gaining practical experience. While natural talent and passion are important, formal training can provide you with the skills and knowledge you need to excel in this field. Practical experience, on the other hand, will help you hone your craft and develop your own unique style.

Clown Schools and Workshops

There are clown schools and workshops around the world that offer specialized training in clowning techniques, physical comedy, makeup and costume design, and other essential skills. These programs can provide you with a structured learning environment and the opportunity to work with experienced instructors and fellow clowns. Attending a clown school or workshop can be a valuable investment in your career.

Some well-known clown schools include the École Nationale de Cirque in Montreal, the Dell'Arte International School of Physical Theatre in California, and the Desmond Jones School of Mime and Physical Theatre in London. These schools offer comprehensive programs that cover all aspects of clowning, from basic techniques to advanced performance skills. Workshops and masterclasses are also available, often led by renowned clowns and performers. These shorter programs can be a great way to learn specific skills or techniques, or to get feedback on your work from experienced professionals. When choosing a clown school or workshop, consider your budget, your learning style, and your career goals. Research different programs and talk to alumni to get a sense of what to expect.

Joining a Circus or Performing Arts Group

Joining a circus or performing arts group can provide you with invaluable experience and exposure as a clown. It's an opportunity to work with other performers, learn from experienced professionals, and perform in front of live audiences. Circus and performing arts groups often have a strong sense of community, which can be a great support system for aspiring clowns.

There are many different types of circuses and performing arts groups, from traditional circuses with animals to contemporary circuses that focus on acrobatics and artistry. Some groups specialize in clowning, while others incorporate clowns into their broader performances. Look for opportunities to audition for local circuses, theatre companies, and community arts organizations. Volunteer to perform at local events and festivals to gain experience and build your resume. Networking with other performers and attending industry events can also help you find opportunities and make connections. Remember that becoming a clown in a professional setting requires dedication, discipline, and a willingness to work hard. Be prepared to start small and work your way up, taking on different roles and responsibilities to gain experience and prove your abilities.

Volunteering at Hospitals and Nursing Homes

Clowning can be a powerful tool for healing and bringing joy to people in need. Volunteering as a clown at hospitals and nursing homes can be a rewarding experience, both personally and professionally. It allows you to use your skills to make a positive impact on the lives of others, while also honing your performance abilities in a unique setting. Volunteering in these environments requires sensitivity, empathy, and a willingness to adapt your performance to the needs of your audience.

Hospitals and nursing homes often have specific guidelines for volunteer performers, so be sure to check with the organization before you begin. You may need to undergo a background check and receive training on infection control and patient safety. When performing for patients, it's important to be mindful of their physical and emotional state. Avoid loud noises, sudden movements, and overly energetic routines. Focus on gentle humor, personal interactions, and creating a sense of connection. Clowning in hospitals and nursing homes can be emotionally demanding, but it can also be incredibly rewarding. Seeing the smiles and laughter you bring to patients and residents can be a powerful reminder of the positive impact of clowning.

4. Building Your Clown Career

Becoming a professional clown is a journey that requires not only skill and talent, but also a strong work ethic and a business mindset. Once you've honed your skills and gained experience, it's time to start building your career. This involves networking, marketing yourself, and securing gigs. Here are some key steps to take:

Creating a Professional Portfolio

A professional portfolio is an essential tool for any aspiring clown. It showcases your skills, experience, and unique clown persona to potential clients and employers. Your portfolio should include high-quality photos and videos of your performances, as well as a resume and a list of references.

Start by gathering photos and videos of your best performances. These should showcase your range of skills, your comedic timing, and your ability to connect with an audience. If you don't have professional-quality footage, consider hiring a photographer or videographer to capture your performances. Your resume should highlight your training, experience, and any special skills or accomplishments. Include a brief description of your clown persona and your performance style. References are also important, as they provide potential clients and employers with testimonials about your work. Ask colleagues, instructors, and previous clients if they would be willing to serve as references. Your portfolio should be well-organized, easy to navigate, and visually appealing. Consider creating a website or an online portfolio to showcase your work to a wider audience.

Networking and Promoting Yourself

Networking is crucial for becoming a successful clown. Attending industry events, connecting with other performers, and building relationships with potential clients can open doors to new opportunities. Promoting yourself effectively is also essential for securing gigs and building your reputation.

Attend clown conventions, circus festivals, and other industry events to meet fellow performers, agents, and producers. Join professional organizations and online communities to connect with other clowns and share information. Use social media to promote your work and connect with potential clients. Create a professional website or blog to showcase your skills and experience. Attend local events and festivals to perform and promote your services. Network with event planners, party organizers, and other potential clients. Word-of-mouth is also a powerful tool for promotion, so make sure to provide excellent service and ask satisfied clients to refer you to others.

Finding Performance Opportunities

Finding performance opportunities is the ultimate goal of becoming a professional clown. There are many different venues where clowns can perform, from circuses and festivals to birthday parties and corporate events. The key is to be proactive, persistent, and adaptable.

Contact circuses, theatre companies, and entertainment agencies to inquire about job openings. Audition for clown roles in theatrical productions and circus shows. Market your services to party planners, event organizers, and corporate clients. Perform at local festivals, fairs, and community events. Offer your services to hospitals, nursing homes, and other organizations that serve vulnerable populations. Be willing to travel and work flexible hours, as many performance opportunities occur on weekends and evenings. Be prepared to negotiate your fees and contract terms. The more versatile you are and the wider your network, the more opportunities you will find to showcase your skills and earn a living as a clown.

Conclusion: The Rewarding Path of a Clown

Becoming a clown is a challenging but incredibly rewarding journey. It requires dedication, skill, and a genuine passion for making people laugh. By embracing the art of clowning, mastering essential skills, getting the right training and experience, and building your career strategically, you can turn your dream of becoming a clown into a reality. So, put on your makeup, don your costume, and get ready to spread joy and laughter wherever you go. The world needs more clowns, and you might just be the one to bring a smile to someone's face today!